Implications Of The Post Apocalyptic Anxieties - 1993 Words

Implications of The Post-Apocalyptic Anxieties Naturally, a person who is facing anxiety might pull away from conditions that have triggered similar feelings in the past. Anxieties are of different types including existential anxiety which results from facing an existential crisis, angst, and nihilistic feelings. Other categories of anxiety are test anxiety, stage fright, stage fright, and somatic anxiety. Stranger anxiety and social anxiety occur when a person is around a strangers (Karam 193). Such anxieties are evident in The Road, and McCarthy illustrates this in a verbose way. Anxieties in the road are both short term and long term. Unlike trivial anxieties in the day to day world, those of a post-apocalyptic situation are long lasting and some never end and require only love and family to heal. Love As Remedy. The unnamed father in the road takes care of his son with a lot of love. The young boy and his father love and care for each other all the time to cover for the anxiety. The author remarks that the boy hangs on to him all the time in fear of the unknown. The small boy seeks refuge and love from his father. When the father attempts to leave the boy to go and look for firewood, the boy cries and claim that he is afraid to be left alone. This depicts the fear he feels, especially if he is left alone. The young boy keeps clutching on his fathers coat for safety (McCarthy, 2006, p.34). The father carries the boy across the field, stopping to catch a breathShow MoreRelatedImplications Of The Post Apocalyptic Anxieties Essay2000 Words   |  8 PagesImplications Of The Post-Apocalyptic Anxieties INTRODUCTION Naturally, a person who is facing anxiety might may pull away from conditions that have triggered similar feelings in the past. Anxieties are of different types including existential anxiety which results from facing an existential crisis, angst, and nihilistic feelings. Other categories of anxiety are test anxiety, stage fright, stage fright, and somatic anxiety. Stranger anxiety and social anxiety occur when a person is around a strangersRead MoreEssay on Philip Larkin - A Voice of Pain for This Century1626 Words   |  7 Pagestogether, apart, together movement of waves, personifying the mortal need to wish ourselves together, / Yet sue for solitude upon our meetings (l. 3,6-7). The human heart itself is a wave, carrying Laments, tears, wreaths and rocks in a deluge of anxiety and sorrow (l. 14). Silver-tongued like a share, the heart-wave ploughs up failure, / Carries the night and day and fetches / Profit from sleep (l. 17-19). In the face of death, however, The wave falters and drowns; for while the heart takesRead MoreThe Rising Threat Of Japan1854 Words   |  8 Pagesthis time, therefore, that we begin to see New Zealand considering new friends, specifically the United States. 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Native American s Greatest Flaw Throughout History

Native Americans: 1830s-1930s America’s greatest flaw throughout history is how it treats its minorities, especially the Native Americans. From the beginning of European involvement in America, Native Americans have been cheated and mistreated. Even before the United States became a country, European traders would do whatever they could to make a profit, even use the diseases that they carried to begin an epidemic. As shown in the early Franciscan missions, Native Americans were considered heathens that were, at best, simply objects of conversion and at worst subhuman converts that could be used to till fields until they died of disease or maltreatment. Treaties with Native Americans were rarely honored, and they were used as mere pawns in struggles such as the French and Indian War. In â€Å"the land of the free†, Native Americans were systematically denied their â€Å"inalienable rights,† and the period that most clearly shows this are the 19th and early 20th c entury. Government policy regarding Native Americans changed from the 1830s to the 1930s, often reflecting the way Native Americans were viewed in that time period. The most well known injustices that the Native American people suffered under the United States government occurred in the 1830s. Under Jackson’s administration, the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Cherokee were removed from their lands and resettled in the Indian Territory, which is now known as Oklahoma (Garraty, 248-250). Some smaller groups resisted violentlyShow MoreRelated Lies My Teacher Told Me by James Loewen Essay example1439 Words   |  6 Pagestheir true history. This book attempts to show how and why American history has been taught the way it has without regard for the truth. 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Philosophy 101 Study Guide free essay sample

When: Thursday, the 26th Day of September, 2013, 3:00pm – 4:15pm Where: The same location our class normally meets What to bring: Your ASU Student ID, for when you hand in your exam An Exam book (blue book or green book) available at the bookstore A Scan-tron form (bubble-in forms) available at the bookstore TWO number 2 pencils for filling in the scantron form A blue or black ink pen (optional – pencil ok), for your exam book. I will not have extras available. If you forget yours, you’ll have to rely on the kindness of your peers or else run to the bookstore to buy some, losing you valuable time. If you bring extras for your peers, they will be supremely grateful. Structure of the Exam The exam will consist of: †¢60 multiple choice questions (for Scantron form) †¢Worth 4 points each †¢240 points total †¢questions limited to topics covered on this study guide †¢1 essay question (for exam book) †¢worth 60 points total †¢questions will be broad and comprehensive for Unit 1. †¢Answer should be 4-5 paragraphs Study Guide Warranty IF: you fill out this study guide completely based on your notes, the readings, and the lectures, making a recognizably serious attempt to put in relevant and correct information, and you turn in the completed study guide prior to the exam, either †¢as a MS Word attachment sent by e-mail to [emailprotected], with the subject line â€Å"PHI 101 STUDY GUIDE WARRANTY†, or †¢as a paper copy turned in to the SHPRS office on the 4th floor of Coor hall, time-stamped and clearly marked on the top page â€Å"Jeff Watson, Phi 101†, or †¢as a paper copy turned in on the day of the exam prior to picking up your exam. and you take the quiz and answer all 60 of the multiple-choice true/false questions. THEN:  On the multiple-choice section of the exam, you will receive at least 173 out of 240 points (72%, equivalent to a B-/C+). †¢If you receive fewer than 173 points on the multiple-choice section, and you turned in the completed study guide, then contact me after the exam, and I will automatically raise your grade on the multiple-choice section to 173 points. †¢No warranties are here given for the essay portion of the exam. †¢If you don’t take advantage of this warranty, and you get less than 173 points, no excuses or complaints. STUDY GUIDE FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS From Solomon’s Little Philosophy Book: Chapter 1 What did the followers of Confucius teach? How did Confucius’s virtues differ from Socrates? Socrates emphasized the importance of the individual soul, however; Confucius insisted that what was most important in life were one’s relationships with other people. Confucius wanted to live life the right way by being honorable and faithful while Socrates believed living life the right way had to do with looking after the good of one’s own soul. Confucius teaches that one follows the dao by being respectful of the customs of one’s society, by being deferential to one’s parents, and by being a good citizen. What did the Daoists teach? How did they differ from the Confucians? Daoists act â€Å"more towards nature† rather than relating with social proprieties. They liked living naturally and a simple and respectful life. Daoist teachings aren’t teachers but rather paths that guide people to finding their true natural selves. What did Buddhism teach about the self? The Buddha taught that not only individuality but the universe as a whole was something of an illusion. Focuses less on individual self and more on living in harmony with the larger spiritual world, like Daoism. Who were Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle? How did they know each other? They were all early philosophers, Socrates wrote nothing down; Plato his prized student wrote down everything and that’s how we know about it/him and Aristotle was Plato’s student. Chapter 4 What’s the difference between local skepticism and global skepticism? Local skepticism is the view that one can not possess knowledge in some particular domain. Global skepticism is the view that one can not know anything at all. Why did Descartes insist that we begin by doubting everything we thought we knew? His aim was to use this method of doubting everything you know to discover what we actually do know for certain. So we can prove them. What did Hume argue we cannot prove about our experiences and the real world? Hume argues that we cannot prove that there is a real world outside our experience, much less that our experience is an accurate representation of that world. He says we need to get outside our experience to see whether it does fairly represent the world, however, its near impossible to do that. What did Hume believe about the laws of nature? Hume states that hoe do we know that the laws of nature tomorrow will be the same as the ones today, we only have the past to rely on which doesn’t say much about the future. We cannot prove the laws of nature and their existence. What does Solomon think is the â€Å"healthy† kind of skepticism? It means not simply taking at face value what other people tell you or simply accepting â€Å"common sense† without thinking about it on your own. You are able to think it out for yourself and figure out where your beliefs come from and how you would back them up. Plato’s Apology (‘the Trial of Socrates’) What happened in the Apology? Socrates is charged for not regarding the gods correctly, creating new deities and corrupting the youth of Athens, so he makes this speech the ‘Apology’ to defend himself. How did Socrates defend himself against Meletus? He makes Meletus feel like a fool and makes him question everything he says. How did he interpret the words of the Oracle at Delphi? He used the notion that the oracle told him that no one was smarter than him to go an interrogate everyone, and be a nuisance to the people. He took it as a riddle, he knew he had no wisdom and gods didn’t lie. What punishment did he offer to accept? He is sentenced to death. Locke’s Essay ‘On Enthusiasm’ What is â€Å"enthusiasm†? Enthusiasm is a vain and unfounded confidence in divine favor or communication, Locke strongly rejects it. What’s the unerring mark of the lover of truth for truth’s sake? One unerring mark of the love of truth is not entertaining any proposition with greater assurance than the proofs it is built upon will warrant. Not entertaining any proposition with greater assurance than the proofs it is built upon will warrant. Assuming an authority to dictate the opinions of others is a sign of what? The assuming an authority of dictating to others, and a forwardness to prescribe to their opinions, is a constant concomitant of this bias and corruption of our own judgements. How does evidence for something’s rectitude (or truth) relate to the strength of our persuasions about it? The strength of our persuasions is no evidence at all of their own rectitude: crooked things may be as stiff and inflexible as straight: and men may be as positive and peremptory in error as in truth. Only have strength in your own persuasion. How should our degree of belief relate to the evidence? Our degree of belief guides us to all answers, it’s our greatest form of persuasion and our biggest evidence. Why does Locke think his opponents’ arguments are circular? It is a revelation because they firmly believe it, and they believe it because it is a revelation. Based on Locke’s view, what’s the best way to develop a character that allows others the freedom to hold their own opinions? Guide to Philosophical Argument (the Standard View†¦): What is and isn’t a representation? A picture of you may be a representation of you, but it’s not you. It’s how someone or yourself can view you. But you can always misinterpret a representation What’s a proposition? Propositions are representations of the world which are in some sense language-independent. What makes a proposition true or false is whether the proposition corresponds to a fact. If it corresponds it’s true, if not, no. What is a fact? What is an opinion? Facts are things which we know for certain (however there can be facts about things people don’t even know) and opinions are things which we don’t really know, and we have a thought or suggestion about it. What’s the difference between being vague, ambiguous, and relative? Something can be vague but not ambiguous, or vice versa. Bat is ambiguous but not vague. And relativism: A theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them. What sorts of things might make a relative truth true? There is no truth, everything is a matter of opinion. However, if all the facts are true then it might be true. What’s the difference between sense and reference? The sense of the word is the concept the word expresses and the what the word refers to is the object, entity or property in the world that it stands for. Mammal- sense of the word animals with mammary glands and whatnot, reference whales, lions and tigers for example. How could a word have no referent? Like the word unicorn, there’s a sense of it; a horse with a horn on it’s head. But its mythical and doesn’t exist so there are no unicorns which leave it with no reference. How could a word have no sense? Then there’s a word like love, everyone has a different sense of love so there’s no one universal sense to it. How would two words have different senses but the same referent? President of America, refers to Barack Obama but could refer to someone else in 4 years. Why are all opinions either true or false? Opinions are beliefs about what facts are, so one person’s beliefs may end up to be true and one’s may not. If I have so much evidence that I must believe something, why could it still be false? I can think I can fly by just flapping my arms, but there are rules of gravity that allow me not to fly, so it’s difficult to believe it’s true. How would you recognize an inductive argument? Inductive arguments start with a series of particular truths about individual instances, and draw a general conclusion about a large group of instances. How would you recognize a deductive argument? Deductive arguments can start with â€Å"Ifthen†¦Ã¢â‚¬  statements, or â€Å"either†¦.or†¦Ã¢â‚¬  statements, and lastly Reductio arguments which involve believing something, then finding a contradiction in the belief and then proving it false. How would you recognize an abductive argument? Abductive arguments are weak, all they prove is that there is a plausible working hypothesis, not that it’s true or false. What’s the difference between logical necessity/possibility, epistemic necessity/possibility, and natural (or ‘nomic’) necessity/possibility. Logical possibility is the broadest sense of ‘possible’, its a scenario which contains no contradictions. Logical necessity means that every possible way the world could be is one in which the proposition is true (all cats are cats). Epistemic possibility, given the evidence I have, something is probably highly unlikely to be true (pigs can fly). Natural possibility, something might be logically possible but contradict with one of the laws of nature. (flyings example but violates law of gravity). What’s it mean for an argument to be valid? An argument is valid when, and only when, there is no logical possibility of the premises being true and the conclusion being false. How would you recognize a valid argument? A valid argument says the it must be logically impossible for the conclusion to be false if the premises are true. (All dogs are mammals, Old Yeller is a dog, Old Yeller is a mammal.) What’s it mean for an argument to be sound? All the premises are true, and the argument is valid. What is the doctrine of recollection? It’s the idea that we are born possessing all knowledge and our realization of that knowledge is contingent on our discovery of it. Our soul once knew everything and forgot it, so we are recollecting all the knowledge. What’s Socrates’s argument for the doctrine of recollection? Socrates’s conclusion: the soul is immortal, because the truth of all things has always existed in the soul. What does Socrates think the boy’s knowledge of geometry shows? That he had the previous knowledge already, a priori knowledge. Why does Socrates argue that Meno’s boy slave has a priori knowledge? Because when he tested him on geometry, the slave was able to get the correct answer because he already had the knowledge in him, he just had to recollect it. Socrates holds that a priori knowledge comes from where? Plato is a(n): empiricistrationalist idealist? From Descartes’s Meditations 1st meditation: Meditator looks back on all the falsehoods and realizes he could have doubted everything, he starts to doubt all the foundations and big things. Ends up realizing even simple things can be doubted. Why did Descartes begin his process of doubting the existence of the external  world? However, his purpose wasn’t to achieve tranquility, but to reveal the foundations of knowledge.It was not because he really didn’t believe we could know anything. It was because he wanted to know what ultimately, at the bottom level, justified all of our other beliefs. Which 3 arguments does Descartes offer to get himself to doubt? 1. My senses have deceived me. (mirages, etc.) 2. I could be dreaming this all up (very complicated dream). 3. God or an evil demon are making us doubt everything and not fully believe it. Why doesn’t the deceitfulness of his senses give Descartes reason to doubt everything? Only made him a local skeptic, not a global skeptic, dealt with small matters. What never changes in Descartes’s dreams? Arithmetic and geometry never change. 2nd meditation: The meditator doubts ‘I’ and if he even exists. Uses the wax experiment, knows the wax exists and studies its being. He uses it as a comparison to himself and realizes happily that he does indeed exist and that his mind is better known than his body, and that all clear and distinct perceptions come by means of the intellect alone, and not the senses or the imagination. What is the one thing that Descartes can’t doubt? Can he doubt his existence. How does Descartes know that he exists? He knows he’s having thoughts, and he’s capable of thinking, and something is doing the thinking. (wax experiment). According to Descartes, what is he? A thinking thing (immaterial soul). 3rd meditation: Proof of god being a perfect being. Why does Descartes think that an infinitely perfect God must exist? Because the universe couldn’t have come from nothing, something had to create it and he’s obviously not powerful enough to. 4th meditation: Descartes is now certain of god’s existence and questions his motives. God must be responsible for his judgement, but the Mediator doesn’t think himself as a supreme being like God. If god is a perfect being, he should be able to create perfect beings. But he now looks at God as a whole to see his perfection. How does Descartes use God’s existence as a foundation for all other knowledge? He uses it to see if God created everything perfectly and if God is the one who controls everything. And God created the perfect universe. What is foundationalism? Why does Descartes hold to it? In philosophy, foundationalism is an epistemological theory which holds that basic beliefs exist and are the foundation for all other justified beliefs. The theory rests on the assumption that beliefs must be justified by other beliefs. Even if his beliefs about the external world were false, his beliefs about what he was experiencing were still indubitably true, even if those perceptions do not relate to anything in the world 5th meditation: â€Å"The essence of material things, and considering the existence of God for a second time†. Clear and distinct perceptions are always convincing, according to the Meditator. He sets out to create an analogy between triangles and pythagorean theorem and God, saying he can prove its existence. Why does Descartes think that the most perfect being conceivable can’t fail to exist? The most perfect being has to exist because something had to have created the perfect universe. Has to prove that his sense are real and the external world exists. Descartes is a(n): empiricistrationalist idealist? Lecture on Epistemology: If you know that p, then what follows? Then p must be true; you must believe p; you must be justified in believing p; your justification must have some sort of explanation (can’t just be luck). What does â€Å"justification† mean, and what is its relationship to knowledge? A justified belief is one you rationally ought to hold, given the evidence that you have. You can’t claim to know that you are going to get a job if you don’t have the evidence for it that warrants you in believing it. What are the three types of experiences which can justify beliefs about the external world? Three types of empirical justifications: perception, memory and testimony. What is a priori justification? Its a rational justification which means â€Å"rational intuition† or â€Å"pure reason†. What’s a rationalist believe about knowledge? Who were the rationalists? Essentially, rationalists believe that (some) knowledge can be acquired through reason alone or, to put it another way, you can come to know about the world by thinking about it. Thinking about the world logically allows you to construct a complete system or entire set of rules that explain everything. Rationalists tended to believe that knowledge is a bit like maths and that, by thinking clearly enough about things, you can come to know everything without ever having to actually look at the world. As a result rationalists believed in a priori knowledge, knowledge that comes before experience. Descartes was a rationalist. What’s an empiricist believe about knowledge? Who are the empiricists? Both groups believe in the importance of reason and both groups contain scientists but empiricists believe that reason alone is not enough and that you need to provide your reason with material to work on †¦ which you can only acquire through your senses. As such, for the empiricists, perception is the source of all knowledge and reason just works on the evidence or perception that perception provides., empiricists to believe that all knowledge was more like science and that things could only be known a posteriori, i.e. after or through experience. As such, in order to find out about the world you have to conduct a series of experiments on it and then use reason to work out what those results mean. John Locke was an empiricist. From Locke’s ‘Knowledge through Experience’ Where does Locke believe that all of the materials of reason, and all knowledge, come from? For Locke, all knowledge comes exclusively through experience. He argues that at birth the mind is a tabula rasa, or blank slate, that humans fill with ideas as they experience the world through the five senses. Locke defines knowledge as the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy, of the ideas humans form. Does Locke believe in innate ideas? Why or why not? Locke argued that the mind is in fact devoid of all knowledge or ideas at birth; it is a blank sheet or tabula rasa. He argued that all our ideas are constructed in the mind via a process of constant composition and decomposition of the input that we receive through our senses. Locke is a(n): empiricistrationalist idealist? Hume’s ‘Experience and the Limits of Human Reason’ Can we trust that the future will resemble the past? Why or why not? We cannot justify our assumptions about the future based on past experience unless there is a law that the future will always resemble the past. No such law exists. We can deny the relationship without contradiction and we cannot justify it with experience. Therefore, we have no rational support for believing in causation. What is the origin of our ideas? We construct ideas from simple impressions in three ways: resemblance, contiguity, and cause and effect. How are ideas distinct from impressions? Hume begins by noting that the perceptions of memory, imagination, etc., are never as forceful or vivacious as our first-hand perceptions of the real world. Impressions: These are the lively, first-hand perceptions, either of something external (e.g., sensation) or internal (e.g., emotion, desiring, willing). Ideas: These are the less forceful, less lively perceptions, which occur when we reflect on previous impressions (e.g., via the memory, imagination, etc.). †¢ Where do we get the idea of causation, according to Hume? Hume claims that causation is a habit of association, a belief that is unfounded and meaningless. He notes that when we repeatedly observe one event following another, our assumption that we are witnessing cause and effect seems logical to us. What does â€Å"C causes E† mean, on Hume’s account? Cause and Effect. Fire causes heat. etc. Hume is is a(n): empiricistrationalist idealist? Berkeley: What did Berkeley believe about the real world and the world of experiences? They hold instead the mechanistic world view, which denies that the world is as we perceive it, and insists that the physical world is composed of entities possessing only the primary properties of extension. All of the  secondary properties we perceive physical objects as having, in reality exist only in our perceptions, not in the objects themselves. Berkeley is a(n): empiricistrationalist idealist? Kant According to Kant, what ‘world’ can we know, and what world can’t we know? We can be said to know things about the world, then, not because we somehow step outside of our minds to compare what we experience with some reality outside of it, but rather because the world we know is always already organized according to a certain fixed (innate) pattern that is the mind, the rationalists are right in saying that we can know about things in the world with certainty; and the empiricists are right in saying that such knowledge cannot be limited merely to truths by definition nor can it be provided by experience. What does Kant mean by â€Å"phenomena?† Kant theorizes that the human mind is restricted to the logical world and thus can only interpret and understand occurrences according to their physical appearances. He wrote that humans could infer only as much as their senses allowed, but not experience the actual object itself. According to Kant, how do we have knowledge of a priori truths? According to Kant, a priori knowledge is based on the form of all possible experience. Kant thinks that a priori knowledge, in its pure form, that is without the admixture of any empirical content, is knowledge limited to the deduction of the conditions of possible experience.

Marketing Plan of Nestle free essay sample

In the Name of Allah the All Merciful, the Most Merciful. MARKETING MIX OMER MAQSOOD ALI (L1F07MBAM2072) M. USMAN TANVEER (L1F07MBAM0074) AMAL AMJAD (L1F07MBAM2091) AYESHA SAEED(L1F07MBAM2098) MBA Section (B) Presented To: PROF. S. ALAM University Of Central Punjab Lahore. Acknowledgment: We are very grateful to many people for their help and encouragement during the project writing of this report. We especially want to thank Sir S. ALAM for giving us helping us in this project PRODUCT NAME : â€Å"NESTLE INSTANT MILK’’ GROUP NAME: (G) TABLE OF CONTENTS MISSION STATEMENT ? STORY OF NESTLE ? DYNAMIC EXPANSION ? BRANDS OF NESTLE ? BOARD OF DIRECTORS ? AUDIT COMMITTEE ? NESTLE’S OBJECTIVES ? MARKETING AND SALES ? MARKET POSITION ? NESTLE EVERYDAY ? RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ? MARKETING MIX ? PROBLEMS FACED BY NESTLE ? RECOMMENDATIONS ? SWOT ANALYSIS ? FUTURE OF NESTLE . MISSION STATEMENT â€Å"AT NEWSTLE, WE BELIEVE THAT RESEARCH CAN HELP US MAKE BETTER FOOD SO T HAT PEOPLE LIVE A BETTER LIFE. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan of Nestle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † NESTLE STORY: Nestle Pakistan is a subsidiary of nestle S. A a company of Swiss origin headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is a food processing company, registered on the Karachi and Lahore stock exchanges. For 5 years in a row, the company has won a place among the top 25 companies of the Karachi stock exchange. Headquartered in Lahore the company operates 5 production facilities. Two of its factories in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala are multi products factories. One factory in Islamabad and 2 in Karachi produce bottled water. Through its effective marketing and vast sales and distribution network throughout the country, it ensures that its products are made available to consumers whenever, wherever and however. In the line with Nestle’s global philosophy, Nestle Pakistan is proud of its commitment to excellence in product and safety and quality and providing value and services to its consumers. On the social front it is very responsible when it comes to environmentally sound business practices and corporate social responsibility. Nestle Pakistan operates in many ways but people products and brands are tge main flag bearers of the company’s image. Dynamic expansion Nestle Pakistan has being at the forefront of development of dairy sector in Pakistan as major industrial stake holder for a while . nternal efforts and some initiatives with government have being going on since long in order to maximize the development of the sector . still, a need for sector wise coordination and combine efforts was there to ensure utilization of all available resources to move forward in the direction. Through the agric-services department nestle has being involved with various infrastructure and support related initiatives such as development of model farms, setup of milk chiller and import of Australian cow to boost milk production . estle is also working towards setting up mega dairy farms to exemplify best farm practices and ways to boost mike production . Brands of Nestle ? Kit Kat ? Nescafe ? Nestle Milo ? Maggi ? Nestle water ? Nido ? Nestle milk pack ? Nestle cerelac ? Friskies ? Nestle yogurt ? Nestle pudina raita ? Nestle zeera raita ? Nestle flavors cream ? Nestle rice ? Nestle frost ? Polo ? Breakfast cereals ? Lactogen ? Milkpack desi ghee ? Milkpack uht cream Board Of Directors 1. Syed yawar Ali Chairman 2. Roland Decorvet M. D. 3. Fritz van dink Director 4. Roger steller Director 5. A. cantacuzene Director 6. Syed babar Ali Director 7. Syed Hyder Ali Director Audit committee Syed hyder Ali Syed Babar Ali Peter wuethrich Objectives of nestle Marketing objectives are compatible with the overall corporate objectives of nestle. Company’s objective is to be the world’s largest and best branded food manufacturer while insuring that nestle name is synonymous with the products of the highest quality. Its chief objectives are: To achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems. †¢ To build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners. †¢ To ensure continuous improvement of nestles environmental performance. †¢ Conservation of natural resources and minimization of waste. †¢ Total compliance with the laws. †¢ To establish the benchmark for good business practice. †¢ Employing new technologies and pr ocessing. †¢ By committing to resources, both human and financial. †¢ Measuring the cost and benefits to business of it’s activities. Monitor progress. †¢ Audit results. †¢ Review targets. Marketing and sales During the year under review the company achieved sustainable profitable growth by capitalizing on the opportunity presented by a positive business environment. This became possible through successful marketing and sales strategies and focus on key initiatives. Innovation and renovation remained the key to development of new products. In 2006 several new products were introduced that included fruit vitals juice, NIDO 3+, podina raita, honey and banana flavored cream for Afghanistan and new packaging for several products. During the period under review we continued with our strategy to increase distribution penetration and develop additional trade channels. Activities such as town storming, special distribution drives and distributor training were extensively undertaken in second strata towns. Area-based territory management continued to be strengthened and wider availability and visibility of products provided a competitive edge. The key initiative of category sales development continued to effectively strengthen strategy planning with respect to channels, customers and shoppers. Nestle everyday To target the large potential offered by the tea-creaming segment, nestle everyday tea-creamer was launched in 1992. supported by integrated marketing, focused distribution with sampling drives and excellent consumer acceptance, the brand has shown strong growth and holds great promise for the future. The brand is available in a variety of pack sizes ranging from 40 to 1000 gm. MARKET POSITION UHT milk grew at a faster pace than the industry, mainly due to price stability and aggressive media and non-media activities. NESTLE Plain Yogurt was launched on November 1, 2000 in the biggest branded yogurt market Lahore, supported by a fully integrated marketing campaign. The product was very well received by the consumers. We continued to expand our water business. While NESTLE PURE LIFE retained its significant market share in the retail sector, we launched the Jumbo Service (5-gallon bottles for home and office consumption) in July 2000 in Lahore, thereby entering avery promising market segment. The results are very positive and the market is developing fast. Research Development Nestle, the worlds biggest food Group, is also the global leader in the industry with regard to Research and Development (R), No other food company matches the R presence of Nestle, with a worldwide network of centres in 17 locations on four continents. Noother food company dedicates so many human and financial resources to R: an international staff of 3500 engaged in the search for innovative new products and the renovation of existing ones. Year after year, Nestle invests some 800 million Swiss francs into R as a major driving force of its double strategy: to strengthen the Companys brands worldwide and to continue to support future long-term growth and competitiveness through innovation and renovation. At the threshold of this new millennium, Nestle’s objective is to consolidate and strengthen its leading position at the cutting edge of innovation in the food area, in order to meet the needs and desires of consumers around the world, for pleasure, convenience, health and well being. In addition, significant progress was achieved across the broad range of our business activities such as Information systems, logistics, sales and distribution structure where strong distribution and effective merchandising made a major contribution in achieving the high rate of growth as mentioned above Marketing mix †¢ Product †¢ Price †¢ Promotion †¢ Placement Questionnaire Name: M. ARSHAD Designation: Acting team leader (production department) Location: Kabirwala Factory Contact no. :0300-4188099 PRODUCT Q: When was Nestle Instant Milk launched in the market? A: Nestle first launched its powder milk in the market in 2003 and then came the liquid powder. Q: W hat are the specific features of the product that makes it different from other similar products present in the market? A: Nestle has introduced the milk powder which outshined others because of its great taste, refrigeration, ready to drink, less volume, more stable shelf life. Q: Is the product manufactured locally or imported? A: The entire production of the Nestle Everyday is carried out in Pakistan at Sheikhupura and Kabianwala. Q: What is the role of Research and Development department in the development of the product? A: At Nestle the Research and Development department is called as the â€Å"APPLICATION GROUP† . No other company matches the RD presence of Nestle. No other company dedicates so many human and financial resources to RD as Nestle. Q: Is the technology in making the products also local? A: No the technology is imported and is latest. Q: Did Nestle made any changes in the product or its manufacturing process since its launch? A: Yes, the factory mil powders spray drying capacity was doubled in 1999 with commissioning of new evaporator. Q: When Nestle launched the product, do its sales excel or fell short of the company sales targets? A: the actual target is a company’s secret that will not be disclosed. But we received an overwhelming acceptance and liking of the product. Q: Is Nestle instant milk good for health; is it according to international health standards? A: Over many years company’s primary concern has been to improve the quality and volume of milk for UHT processing and other milk based products. Q: What is the target market of product? A: The target market of the product is definitely he tea drinkers who have a choice and capacity for the best taste. Q: Did the company ever have some problems with the product? A: There was a problem of salmentation but it was quickly taken into notice and the problem was readily removed. Q: Did the company have any special concept behind launching the product? A: It is designed to be used in general but it is popular mostly in offices and cafes for tea purposes. Q: Did Nestle receive any complaints about the product ever? A: yes, but now the error rate has been reduced to zero. 2004 3 complaints 2005 6 complaints 2006 4 complaints 2007 - 2 complaints Q: What is the current position of the product in the market? A: Well the product is matchless in quality and has no match. It has a sufficient name and place in the market. Q: Do the company donate any money from its product sales? A: On the basis of profit margin Nestle seldom make donations o non- profit organizations and charitable institutions. Q: How do you make sure that the cows which are milked are disinfected? Nestle has its own diary farms from which we collect milk and we have a special team of veterans who regularly inject animals against epidemic diseases. Q: what about the packing of the product, any specifications? A: Yes the Nestle logo is a must, other than that the product is made available in convenient sizes and attractive colors. The WHITE color is the chief color to depict the color f milk. Q: Who are the major competitors of product? A: competitors are Olpers (Angro) and Halib milk. Q: Who are the industrial consumers of Nestle Everyday instant milk? A: PIA, MC-DONALDS and PEARL CONTINENTAL Pakistan. PRICE Q: How do you set prices for your products? A: We set prices of our own because Nestle is the trend setter in the market. Q: What is the profit margin of the product? A: The profit margin is usually high because of the igh quality of the product. Q: Does the prices fluctuate or they remain stable ? A: As the product is a diary product so its prices generally trend to fluctuate. Q: On what scale prices are fixed? A: The prices are fixed on a reasonable scale so that majority of public can afford. Q: Does competitors prices bother your price policy? A: Not really, we set price of our own. Q: Do you give price discounts? A: Not to the final consumers but it can be considered for the he organizational consumers like Nestle has given discounts to PIA. Q: Do you have any price refund policy? A: No, we never return the paid money back. If the claim is valid then we can replace the products. PROMOTION Q: What are the channels adopted for promotion? A: TV, News papers, magazines and doctors. Q: What is the advertisement budget of the company? A: It is preplanned b the start of financial year. It is kept secret b the company. Q: Who are the sponsors of the company? A: Nestle does not have any sponsors. Q: Does Nestle have any brand ambassador? A: No, Nestle has no brand ambassador. Q: What is the share of promotion in overall project? A: It varies every year. Usually it is 40% of the product. Q: What is the nature of marketing for the product? A: The product is marketed aggressively in the market. Q: Is there any online promotion methods? A: In Pakistan, not really. PLACEMENT Q: Where are the outlets of product located? A: These are located all over in Pakistan regardless of big and small cities. Q: Does the product is sold directly to the consumers or via distributors? A: The product is not sold directly t the customers because of the extensive consumer groups. Q: What are the insurance policies of companies? A: Insurance policies are maintained but they are hihly confidential. Q: What is the warehousing facilitation of company? A: Nestle has its own warehouses for the storage of products as well as it has also hired some warehouses. Q: What are the transportation modes of the product? A: Usually mode of transportation is road. Q: Did customers or suppliers ever complaint about shortage of Instant Milk in market? A: No we have a well defined system to ensure that products at right time are at right place. Q: Does the company uses any E-distribution for the product? A: Due to the distribution problems that a number of online firms face Nestle until now has no plans for E – distribution. PROBLEMS FACED BY NESTLE The problems for Nestle in today’s world are the claims faced by it as being charged with the responsibility of violating the â€Å"International Marketing Codes†. Nestle claims that I is doing nothing wrong and unethical in the way it markets is baby foods around the world. Baby milk action has raised the case of â€Å"SYED AAMAR RAZA† who has publicizes evidence of Nestle’s malpractice in Pakistan also as well. It has been claimed that company marketing is causing unnecessary deaths and sufferings of babies, largely among poor because they do not use the proper amount of powder in order to save some volume for future use which causes great danger to baby life. Recommendations Nestle must state in writing that it accepts that the international code and the subsequent relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions are minimum requirements for every country. Nestle must state in writing that it will make required changes to bring its Baby Food Marketing policy and practice into line with International Code and Resolutions. SWOT ANALYSIS OF NESTLE TABLE OF CONTENTS: STRENGTHS TO BUILD ON WEAKNESESS TO COVER ON OPPORTUNITIES - TO CAPTURE THREATS TO DEFEND ON STRENGHTS The greatest strength of nestle is that it includes a culture that is team focused and an open door policy. Nestle focus on collectivism and performance orientation attitude which encourages employees to work harder. Another thing is high level of market share and that people all over the world trust and recognizes Nestle as a big brand name. Strength is that people trust on Nestle. It looks at achieving higher volumes by renovating existing products and innovating new products. Strength is that they are low cost operators which allow them to not only beat competition but also edging ahead operating excellence, innovation, renovation, product availability and communication are major strengths. IT is an important aspect that people all around the world are becoming more conscious about health, that’s why they prefer Nestle. WEAKNESESS One major weakness of Nestle is that it is entering into markets that are already mature and can give a tough competition to new entrants. Nestle Plain Yogurt has proved to be a Nestle weakness because it has been unable to make its market place in USA. But Nestle by analyzing the sensitive areas can overcome its weaknesses. OPPORTUNITIES Nestle in Pakistan has a great opportunity for expanding its markets because in Pakistan there is a large ready market of food and beverages due to trends of eating and the increasing . I t also has opportunities largely in China and India as well. Through proper marketing research Nestle can cash on to these opportunities. Threats Nestle is facing the threats by worldwide community due to its violation of international marketing standards. Many conferences and campaigns have been held against Nestle in this regard which can damage the name and trust of its customers. Another threat is due to the increasing popularity of its competitor OLPERS in local and international markets. FUTURE OF NESTLE Nestle is today the world’s largest food and beverage company with its mission to provide healthier lifestyle. It has launched many products in Pakistan the majority of which are popular and among the market leaders. Nestle is installing new plants and importing latest technologies to improve. Moreover, innovation is one of its greatest strengths so it has a bright future in Pakistan.

Ai Weiwei Marcel Duchamp - Debate Within the Art World free essay sample

Artists’ intentions are shaped by context, materials, ideas and audience. Discuss this statement with consideration of how audience interpretations of artworks have caused debate in the art world. An artwork is often an artist’s subjective expression of their context. The ideology of artists, their perceptions of their contexts and the materials available to them play a significant role in the creation of their artworks. However, an artist’s intentions can be misinterpreted or disregarded by their audience, often sparking fervent discussion within the art world. Through the artists Ai Weiwei and Marcel Duchamp, we can clearly see how personal reactions to an environment shape the intent of artworks. Additionally, from their audiences’ inability to see past the face value of their work to its complex connotations, one can clearly witness the various misinterpretations of art and the resulting debate. Ai Weiwei is a contemporary Chinese artist who works actively in sculpture, installation, architecture, photography, film, and uses these as a medium though which to portray his social and political criticisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Ai Weiwei Marcel Duchamp Debate Within the Art World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Born in May 1957 in Beijing, Weiwei grew up during a time when the art scene consisted exclusively of government approved paintings and styles. It took a decade of liberty in New York for him to begin to explore his own radical practice, which now involves many different mediums. The artist’s intentions are clear; his works attempt to expose political mayhem and the struggle of the Chinese people for human rights. Weiwei aims to spark debate because he believes it results in change. Although questioning of government policy is extremely detrimental to ones freedom in China, Weiwei attempts to use his art and iconic position to remove China of its corrupt political culture. His human rights views and aims are outlined in his statement; â€Å"If we don’t speak out, we are part of it†. During an interview, Weiwei stated, â€Å"Marcel Duchamp influenced me in a way to be aware of the mental condition, art is an effort of attitude. Duchamp’s influence is reflected through the ideological undertones of Weiwei’s work and the way he delicately examines the complex intersection between artistic practice and social activism. He creates artworks that are explicitly political while still realising artistic value in his execution. Not only does he have unique courage, unwavering determination and clear objectives, but Weiwei’s work is also remarkably poetic and human, allowing it to appeal to a wide audience despite its political message. The unstable political state in Weiwei’s context means he rarely has the opportunity to exhibit his work in China. In Weiwei’s view, the country is unable to truly understand culture, art, and the value of creativity. Weiwei made a personal effort to expose the government after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake with an investigation of student casualties. Appalled by the efforts of Chinese officials to conceal the high casualties, he searched for and documented each of the 5385 children in the Tofu schools who’s lives were taken as a result of poor infrastructure. Weiwei published the list on his blog, which was then shut down by Chinese authorities in 2009. Despite this, his efforts were validated by an installation work of the students backpacks titled â€Å"Remembering† (2010) exhibited at the Haus Der Kunst in Munich. Weiwei was arrested for his criticism of the government’s social injustice. However, to shield this issue from public debate, his detainment was said to be concerning ‘economic crimes’. Many were appalled at the actions taken against his freedom and thus an international debate was sparked. Weiwei was able to fulfill his intentions to reveal the injustices of the Chinese Government through his strong engagement with his audience and the debate he caused in the realms of politics and art. The installation â€Å"Sunflower Seeds† (2010) exhibits Weiwei’s fearless campaign for human rights and freedom of expression. The work features 100 million hand painted porcelain sunflower seeds covering the entire floor of the Turbine hall at the Tate Modern museum in London. The subject matter of sunflower seeds has many indirect meanings, one being associated with his childhood. His father, Ai Qing was a renowned modern poet in China. In 1958, Ai Qing was accused of being anti-communist, forbidden to write, and exiled to Xinjiang province, where Weiwei spent his youth. In this interpretation, the actual image of sunflower seeds represents his childhood experience of growing up in a farming area where sunflower seeds were in abundance, whilst also reflecting on the injustice the fascist government did to his father’s freedom. The work is also considered a direct allusion to the demagogic principles of the former ruler of China, Mao Zedong. Chairman Mao is the sun, and his loyal followers are the sunflowers surrounding him; this is a metaphor for the unwavering obedience of almost all of the Chinese population under the rein of the communist leader. The seeds served as a symbol of Mao’s godlike power to render the world fertile, a theme that was often illustrated in his countless political portraits. This sunflower motif originated from a popular propaganda poster, which Weiwei exploits to remind his Chinese audience of the cycle of political bias that has ruled their country for decades. Through the structural decision to juxtapose the organic form of a sunflower seed with the cold, hard, industrial choice of materials, the work has become a subtle criticism of political policy. Whilst the work has unquestionable ties to history, it also relates to the current condition of Weiwei’s world. The wide recognition of the product label ‘Made In China’ is representative of the culture’s ability to turn individuals into mass producers. This is alluded to in the production process of the work; the installation consists of a hundred million seeds, crafted in porcelain and hand-painted by 1,600 skilled workers, a process that took two and a half years to complete. It is the monumental scale of this work that has an undeniably strong impact upon its audience. It is tremendously overwhelming yet capable of alluring viewers into the compelling political references within the work to then communicating them to the wider world. Weiwei’s â€Å"Sunflower Seeds† marks the zenith of his artistic achievements in his career. Weiwei is resolutely concerned with bringing about a change in society’s way of thinking and behaving through artistic ideas and actions. However, ironically his installation â€Å"Sunflower Seeds† captivates its audience by its sheer beauty and poetry. The realistic approach Weiwei has taken in representing sunflower seeds in terms of colour, line, and the physical texture is appealing to the audience and also conveys Weiwei’s political views. Unfortunately, due to the overwhelming response to the installation, foot traffic has caused a lot of ceramic dust which is concerning for public health and viewers can no longer interact with the work. Weiwei’s intention was for people to respond to it physically, and so while the work may lose that powerful element of communication, viewers can still be enlightened through a visual encounter. Through â€Å"Sunflower Seeds† it is evident that the artist’s intentions and ideas were shaped by his contextual circumstances and demonstrated through his choice of materials. An art newspaper states, â€Å"The public and critical response was overwhelmingly positive†. However, this particular work has inspired debate within a wide audience, including a political one. Their interpretation of the work as an expression of dissidence has lead to extreme reactions by the Chinese government that have been harmful to Weiwei’s freedom of thought, speech and artistic practice, a controversy which has sparked new debate within itself. The 1995 Weiwei produced a series of photographs, each 148 x 121 cm, entitled â€Å"Dropping the Han Dynasty Urn†. They essentially portray three progressive stages of Weiwei dropping an ancient urn and attempt to challenge what society perceives as valuable. However, art critic Noah Buchan disapproves, â€Å"the exhibit fails to adequately examine the parameters of the question it is asking†. The destruction of the symbol means the destruction of what it represents; the breaking of a vessel that embodies and contains history is meant to contest the audiences priorities, whether it be history itself, the articles that represent it, or learning from it to create a better future. The substitution of one kind of value for another occurs when he displays the documentation of the transformation in a museum, retaining the value of the object and giving it a present as well as historical significance. The aged, black and white colouring of the photos, in conjunction with the important subject matter, encourages people to look at the past in a critical way and make them conscious of the value that society puts on history. Urns of this age are usually cherished for their anthropological importance. Weiwei strips it of its precious aura, only to reapply through the means of the art making practice. He challenges the way that objects from the past become idolised, causing them to lose a large part of their function. They become a monument, an artifact or a fossil. The destruction of an artifact, or rather the transformation of one, like Weiwei has done, allows for the object to be reborn with the new purpose of reflecting the current socio-cultural context. Weiwei uses his work to engage with issues pertinent to contemporary China, notably the loss of historic material due to rapid modernization. The destruction of such a prized historical piece brought about debate on the validity of the Cultural Revolution. During this period, Communist leader Mao Zedong ordered the destruction of all things that had historical value as they were thought to be the root of capitalist, bourgeoisie ideologies. Weiwei appeals to the human instinct with each photo, by depicting the urn at a later stage in its fall. This connects with the audience on a psychological level, suggesting an urgency that leaves the viewer emotionally fraught. By capturing the obliteration of the Han Dynasty urn, Weiwei formed a cenotaph; in documenting the very moment of destruction, an instant that had immeasurable connotations of loss, he draws attention to the many losses as a result of the tyrannical leadership of Mao and the devastation during the Cultural Revolution. The great extent to which this work resonated within the minds of its artistic audience was made evident by the arrest of Weiwei. This was a step the government took to ensure Weiwei’s political objections were not heard. However, ironically it has instead caused immense debate within the art world. Upon hearing the news, various Hong Kong artists responded by creating a series of variations on the same theme that upheld Weiwei’s ideas and political opinions. One particular man photographed himself dropping a clock, suggesting the declining sanity of Chinese policy over time. Weiwei’s depiction of his broader collection of Neolithic urns expand the original meaning of â€Å"Dropping the Han Dynasty Urn† through his iconoclastic appropriations of historic vessels. Weiwei treats the treasured artifacts as the foundation of a contemporary masterpiece by painting, dropping, grinding, or tagging them with a new age logo. The Coca-Cola logo on one of the urns represents the commercialisation of an ancient culture, representing the industrialisation of China. The urns coated in industrial paint maintain their original form but contrasts with the bright, commercial colours that seems ill fitting on the ancient figure. This reflects Weiwei’s criticism of the reality of the political world. Through â€Å"Dropping the Han Dynasty Urn† it is evident that Weiwei’s negative opinions on Chinese politics have been shaped by the hindsight of his 21st century context. His choice of materials have shaped the way he portrays his ideas and his endeavour to make people aware of the value of history and its influence on their lives. This particular work has encouraged debate in numerous ways, particularly in the art world. His campaign for political awareness that resonated within the minds of many was brought to light after his arrest, inspiring a mass objection from his international audience. Marcel Duchamp was a talented French artist active in the Dadaist period. He became a pioneer for a revolutionary way of thinking that resonates within the work of artists generations later. Challenging traditional artistic practice with irony and satire is a hallmark of Duchamps legendary career. Through his progressive ideas and groundbreaking works, he paved the way for newer movements and styles, such as Pop Art, Minimalism and Conceptualism. Duchamp had a fascination with â€Å"putting art back in the service of the mind†, and so he rejected the work of other artists as retinal art, which intended only to please the eye. His relentless probing of the conventional boundaries of art unsurprisingly caused intense debate within the art world. In 1912, he was asked to withdraw his painting, â€Å"Nude Descending a Staircase† from the Salon des Independants in Paris, causing him to become disenchanted with artistic groups. His shocking and provocative works were considered a senseless mockery of the standards of traditional art. The avant-garde ideas that spawned from his one-man movement were rejected and scorned by critics, misguiding the interpretations of his pedestrian audience. His mission to shift the viewer’s understanding of art from its aesthetic properties to its conceptual meaning is evident through the works â€Å"Bicycle wheel† (1914) and â€Å"Fountain† (1917). Both of these works question the very notion of Art. Duchamp moved toward a creative process that was antithetical to artistic skill with his first readymade â€Å"Bicycle Wheel†. The use of found objects to create the work distanced him from traditional modes of artistic practice in an effort to emphasise the conceptual value of a work of art. Through this technique, Duchamp was able to seduce the viewer through irony and verbal witticisms rather than relying on technical or aesthetic appeal. He stated, â€Å"the discovery of an article gives it artistic worth†. The ready-made objects in â€Å"Bicycle Wheelâ€Å" consisted of a fork and the wheel of an ordinary bicycle that rested upon a common stool. The mundane, mass-produced, commonplace nature of these objects is precisely why Duchamp chose them; to broaden the boundaries of art to no only encompass, but value conceptual meaning. The juxtaposition of the ready-mades suggests motion and yet immobility, foreshadowing the repercussions of such a work. At barely 5 foot in height, the works small scale was inversely proportional to the colossal debate it caused. Although the composition of the work is not entirely free from artistic conventions, it did not assist in promoting his innovative artistic ideas, nor did it salvage the work from agonizing criticism. His work fused the products of modern industrial life with art, foreshadowing the future of artistic creation. Critics disregarded the sculpture, claiming it had no artistic value. This rejection meant the work was ostracized from the art world, and hence a broader audience. The satirical work â€Å"Fountain† (1917) tested the limits of public taste and ultimately transgressed the boundaries of artistic technique. Art writer and critic, Jonathon Jones exclaims, â€Å"Marcel Duchamps urinal revolutionised modern culture in 1917†. However, critics of the time were disgusted at the mockery the work made of the art world. His use of irony, puns, alliteration, and paradox layered the works with humor whilst still enabling him to comment on the dominant political and economic systems of his time. Duchamp bought the perfectly ordinary urinal, positioned it in a way that differed from its original purpose, tagged ‘R. Mutt’ on the side and submitted it for exhibition at a gallery that claimed to display all art as long as the artists managed costs. Duchamp was in fact one of the organisers and wanted to question the extent to which this generous notion applied. The scale of the work is considerably small in terms of sculpture, which is perfectly appropriate as only a handful of people ever saw the work in person. However, after the piece was rejected from the gallery by popular demand, Duchamp arranged to have it photographed by Alfred Stieglitz and the photographs are now the only remaining documentation of the work apart from the vast amount of literature concerning it. The unchanged surface quality of the work, smooth and reflective, has an alluring quality when viewed in terms of art and not as a bathroom fixture. The motionless state pertains to the inert condition of the art world due to its obsession with aesthetics and disregard for conceptual agenda. Despite the harsh rejection of the piece during the 1920’s, the importance of â€Å"Fountain† is reflected within the work of virtually every artist since his time. Its power was officially recognised in 2004 when it was voted the most influential work of modern art by 500 art-world professionals. Through the revolutionary works of Marcel Duchamp and the confronting political objections in the works of Ai Weiwei, we are able to see how the differing contexts of the two artists played an important role in the intentions of their art. Their perspectives on the art and political world around them gave them reason to break boundaries in order to spark discussion and questioning of accepted norms. Both artists used their materials as a successful means of intensifying the ideas they wished to project. As a result of the audience interpretations of their work, there has been immense debate pertaining to the validity of their artistic practice and intentions. In spite of this, the work of both artists can be recognised as highly influential and artistically sound within their efforts to expose concerns pertinent to their world and time. - [ 1 ]. http://www. guardian. co. uk/artanddesign/2011/nov/26/ai-weiwei-china-situation-quite-bad [ 2 ]. http://www. artdaily. com/index. asp? int_new=52969int_sec=2 [ 3 ]. http://artradarjournal. com/ [ 4 ]. The Han dynasty urn is one of the most historically significant artifacts in Chinese history. [ 5 ]. http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/duch/hd_duch. htm [ 6 ]. http://www. guardi an. co. uk/books/2008/feb/09/art

RFID Tags essays

RFID Tags essays We all buy and shop in retail stores everyday and do not think anything of it. Know imagine walking into your favorite or local retail store and within seconds, a retail staff member offers you your favorite types of products from clothing to toothpaste. Not only does the staff member offer you your favorite types of products, but also your preferences. For instance, they offer you Scope mouthwash over Colgate because that is what you prefer. In addition, they know your pants size and style, that you buy a new tube of hemorrhoid cream every three months or so, which stores you usually shop in, your credit rating, and the number of miles currently on all four tires of your vehicle; and that is just the beginning (about.com, 2004). A sound like fiction right, but the reality is that there is a technology out there tracking consumers through the clothes and shoes they wear, and other products that we buy without us even knowing about it. The source of all that information lies within a new tracking technology known as RFID, which stands for radio frequency identification, which involves tags and readers (Kantor, 2003). RFID tags are microchips that range in size from as large as a grain of sand to as small as a speck of dust (about.com, 2004). Something this small would be hard to spot and can be placed on everything without the consumers knowledge, even in food products bought at the local grocery store (about.com, 2004). RFID tags are not to be confused with security tags or barcodes because they cannot identify products and detect them at long distances (about.com, 2004). RFID tags can work at close range levels, while others work at long-range levels. What this means is that a product can be traced at a distance 5-miles from the store or 20-miles or more from the store. How are these tags traced? They are traced by using an RFID reader that picks up signals coming from a products RFID tag. When an RFID tag gets...

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International Business - Essay Example United Kingdom is a country with rich traditions and culture along with the influence of modernization. The business environment of UK is unique with respect to several aspects. There are certain established norms which are supposed to be followed in the British culture such as dress code, conversation mannerisms, dining etiquettes along with conduct related to titles and gift giving. In the field of business, you are required to exhibit judicious and ethical traits in order to win the confidence of the ever observant British businessmen. With globalization affecting the entire world, business strategies in UK have also transformed to yield innovation in markets as the key success indicator. As a result, you need to be very vigilant of the commercial atmosphere to facilitate growth in our subsidiary. I would advice you to understand the British culture scrupulously as well as develop the valuable tool of Cultural Intelligence. I am convinced that awareness of these dynamics will help you in having a prosperous three year contract in UK. INTRODUCTION As the regional manager for United Kingdom, I cordially welcome you to the local subsidiary of our Multinational Organisation. I am conscious of the fact that you are coming to United Kingdom for the first time; hence, I have made an attempt to facilitate your 3 year stay in this country by briefing you about the cultural nuances which you would come across in United Kingdom. Along with that, this paper would also enhance your understanding about the business environment of UK in addition to government policies with regard to subsidiaries and Multinational Corporations. You must be aware that this subsidiary of our company has been active in London, the capital of UK for quite sometime now. London has always been a business nucleus in this region. Recently, London was surveyed as the best city in Europe in terms of establishing a business, employing qualified people, and accessibility to market (UK Trade & Investmen t, 2011). Over the years, our company has earned its reputation in UK through exceptional services to customers and caring attitude towards employees and other stakeholders. However, the multidimensional dynamics of this country have often had a role to play in the functions of our subsidiary. RESEARCH It is necessary to provide you first with the fundamental research I conducted regarding United Kingdom so that you could get a feel of the country. It is a country which provides a perfect mix of traditions and modernism. Situated in Western Europe, its capital is London. The population of the country is estimated to be over 60 million (Directgov, 2012). The ethnic structure consists of a majority of whites including English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish whereas smaller percentages of Blacks, Indians and Pakistanis are also found. With people migrating in huge numbers to the United Kingdom, the society has become rather a multicultural one. Though there is no declared official language, but since English is spoken by more than 70% of the population, hence it is considered to be the national language (Godfrey-Faussett et al. 2004). The United Kingdom is made up by four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (William, 2010). Foreigners often err in making use of the word ‘British’. It is imperative to know that British stands for a person who comes from any of the four countries while English, Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh are used when referring to the particular countries of the person. Though over the last few years, people from diverse races, castes and creeds have